什么是目的状语从句? 目的状语的作用
下面内容是关于目的状语从句的详细解析,结合其定义、引导词、特点及使用场景整理:
一、定义与核心概念
目的状语从句是用来说明主句动作目的的从句,属于状语从句的一种,通常位于主句之后(少数情况下可前置)。例如:
“He stu*s hardso that he can pass the exam.”
从句“so that he can pass the exam”说明了主句“He stu*s hard”的目的。
二、常见引导词与用法
-
so that
- 功能:表示“以便”,后接目的状语从句,强调主句行为的目标。
- 例句:
“I will call youso that you know the meeting time.”(我会打电话通知你,以便你知道会议时刻)。
-
in order that
- 功能:与“so that”同义,但更正式,多用于书面语。
- 例句:
“She arrived earlyin order that she could secure a seat.”(她早到是为了能占到位子)。
-
for fear that / lest
- 功能:表示“以免、唯恐”,强调避免负面结局。
- 特点:从句中常用“should + 动词原形”(如“lest heshould forget”)。
- 例句:
“He locked the doorfor fear that someone might break in.”(他锁门以防有人闯入)。
-
in case
- 功能:表示“以防万一”,强调预防意外情况。
- 例句:
“Take an umbrellain case it rains.”(带上伞,以防下雨)。
三、核心特点
-
情态动词的使用
目的状语从句中常含may, might, can, could, should等情态动词,体现目的的可能性或意图。例如:“We left earlyso that we might catch the train.”(我们提早出发,以便赶上火车)。
-
时态特点
- 主句若为现在时或将来时,从句多用现在时或情态动词(如can/will);
- 主句若为过去时,从句则用过去时情态动词(如could/would)。
- 例外:在口语中,“so”可单独引导目的状语从句(如“We’ll sit closerso we hear better”)。
-
与结局状语从句的区分
- 目的状语从句:含情态动词,表示主观意图(如“He ran fastso that he could win”);
- 结局状语从句:不含情态动词,陈述客观结局(如“He ran so fastthat he won”)。
四、易混淆点与注意事项
-
in order that vs. in order to
- in order that后接从句(需完整主谓结构),如:
“He saved moneyin order that he could buy a car.”
- in order to后接动词原形(仅需动作描述),如:
“He saved moneyin order to buy a car.”。
- in order that后接从句(需完整主谓结构),如:
-
避免重复连词
不可同时使用多个引导词(如错误用法“He worked hardso in order that…”)。 -
虚拟语气在“lest”中的使用
“lest”引导的从句需用“should + 动词原形”(如“She spoke quietlylest she should wake the baby”)。
五、典型例句归纳
引导词 | 例句 |
---|---|
so that | “I turned on the lightso that I could read the book.” |
in order that | “They built a bridgein order that people could cross the river.” |
for fear that | “He hid the keyfor fear that others would find it.” |
in case | “Bring a mapin case you get lost.” |
拓展资料
目的状语从句通过特定连词(如so that, in order that)连接主句与目的,其核心特点是使用情态动词并体现主观意图。掌握其与结局状语从句的区别、情态动词的选择制度是关键。